Cellulitis

Description Main purpose of cellulitis treatment process is reduction of severity cellulitis infection, fast recovery, pain relieve, cure affected skin and prevention of recurrence – definition of treatment for cellulitis. In most cases healing process contains treatment with antibiotics drugs. Antibiotics are used orally or intravenous depending of severity of affected skin area. Period for using oral antibiotics (by mouth) is 10 to 14 days. In this period is crucial to take every single pill that doctor has prescribed, even later when you begin feel better . Treatment for cellulitis with intravenously antibiotics (IV) is recommended when we have more serious infection,in most cases lasts 3 to 5 days. Generally,skin and any underlying tissue treatment include schemes to prevent recurrence of inflammation (protective clothing ; covering scrapes or open cuts; practicing good skin care too). Crucial is healing of affected area and all underlying tissue develops nearby which could increase chance of recurrence of infection. Antibiotics medications and recurrence prevention are part of special treatments for cellulitis infection. There are three types of herbs which helps in battle and prevention of cellulitis infection. Treatment for cellulitis on natural basis is explained on cellulitis natural treatment page. Depending of severity infection,cellulitis treatment can be divided to: A) Cellulitis Self-Care Treatment At Household An ordinarily healthy individual is usually not hospitalized for mild or moderate cellulitis. In case of mild cellulitis and using antibiotics, it's recommended for self-care home treatment that you should take care of:   Ã‚  Ã‚   ? to rest yourself, particularly the area of body involved;   Ã‚  Ã‚   ? rink plenty of water to help prevent you becoming dehydrated;   Ã‚  Ã‚   ? elevate the region of the body affected with cellulitis,that will help to decrease main symptoms of swelling and relieve irritation,specially for cases of lower leg cellulitis and arm cellulitis (cellulitis of extremities);   Ã‚  Ã‚   ? use †over the counter†(OTC) pain relievers Ibuprofen â₠¬â€œ (Motrin) or Acetaminophen – (Tylenol) – for pain reduction and help to keep fever down. All this instructions of self-care cellulitis treatment are in order to help ease symptoms and speed up recovery. Upon healing, the infected skin showing signs of cellulitis will begin to regenerate and the blistered areas will flake off like old skin. Terrasil MAX is a reparative skin cream used to treat various types of skin problems. It is fast-working and can provide instant relief from itching, irritation, inflammation and soreness. With regular use, Terrasil MAX cleans, soothes, moisturizes and repairs unhealthy skin. It’s formulated with plant extracts and minerals which fight germs and enhance the skin’s regenerative process. This innovative lotion contains no harsh chemicals, steroids or parabens. Made from only natural ingredients, Terrasil MAX is safe to apply on sensitive skin, and people of all ages and skin types can use it. There are no known side effects associated with the use of Terrasil MAX over a five year range. Thousands of customers around the world recommend this therapeutic cream for numerous skin issues. B)Medical Treatment For Cellulitis Infection B. 1. ) Home Care Medical Treatment For Cellulitis If infection is not too serious you can be treated at household. Your medical adviser will give you a prescription for antibiotics to take orally for a 7 to 10 days. Be sure to tell your doctor about any responses you may have had previously to antibiotics. If your symptoms worsen 48 hours after taking the antibiotics, or you start to develop symptoms such as a high temperature, or vomiting, you should contact your medical adviser immediately. B. 2. ) Hospital Treatment For Cellulitis If your cellulitis is especially severe, you may need infirmary handling (and you will require antibiotics to be given through a vein in your arm). You may be taken to hospital if:   Ã‚  Ã‚   ? your cellulitis is severe, or rapidly deteriorating;   Ã‚  Ã‚   ? you are very old or very young person; your cellulitis involves extensive areas or areas close to important structures(such is infection around the eye socket);   Ã‚  Ã‚   ? you have bad secondary symptoms, such as fever, or vomiting;   Ã‚  Ã‚   ? your infection worsens after taking antibiotics for 2 to 3 days;   Ã‚  Ã‚   ? you have cellulitis on a recurring basis; ? you have other medical problems wh ich is serious. Important note: It is very important to take all prescribed antibiotics. Even in case that the inflammation seems to be gone do not stop taking the medications early. Medical practitioner may want to see patient in 2-3 days to check if the current infection is improving. Surgery process is required rarely in cellulitis treatment, severe only. An abscess, or collection of pus in the tissue, may require to be opened surgically to provide drainage. Inactive tissue may require to be cut away to allow healing. Cellulitis Treatment With Medications Oral, topical (skin applied), or IV ( intravenous) antibiotics drugs may be used for cellulitis treatment. Treatment with antibiotics also calling treatment of choice. It depends on the severity and body region involved by infection, medicines are given in the infirmary, at household, or combination both locations. Hardness of infection will also determine whether antibiotics drugs are distributed through IV or orally. More details about medicines used to treat cellulitis please visit our cellulitis treatment antibiotics page. Prevention Of A Recurrence Unfortunately, there is high percentage of patients who receive treatment for cellulitis will have a recurrence (up to 50%). To find more about prevention of a recurrence visit our cellulitis prevention page. Cellulitis Treatment Chemotherapy Treatment Treatment of cellulitis Treatment for cellulitis Cellulitis Description Main purpose of cellulitis treatment process is reduction of severity cellulitis infection, fast recovery, pain relieve, cure affected skin and prevention of recurrence – definition of treatment for cellulitis. In most cases healing process contains treatment with antibiotics drugs. Antibiotics are used orally or intravenous depending of severity of affected skin area. Period for using oral antibiotics (by mouth) is 10 to 14 days. In this period is crucial to take every single pill that doctor has prescribed, even later when you begin feel better . Treatment for cellulitis with intravenously antibiotics (IV) is recommended when we have more serious infection,in most cases lasts 3 to 5 days. Generally,skin and any underlying tissue treatment include schemes to prevent recurrence of inflammation (protective clothing ; covering scrapes or open cuts; practicing good skin care too). Crucial is healing of affected area and all underlying tissue develops nearby which could increase chance of recurrence of infection. Antibiotics medications and recurrence prevention are part of special treatments for cellulitis infection. There are three types of herbs which helps in battle and prevention of cellulitis infection. Treatment for cellulitis on natural basis is explained on cellulitis natural treatment page. Depending of severity infection,cellulitis treatment can be divided to: A) Cellulitis Self-Care Treatment At Household An ordinarily healthy individual is usually not hospitalized for mild or moderate cellulitis. In case of mild cellulitis and using antibiotics, it's recommended for self-care home treatment that you should take care of:   Ã‚  Ã‚   ? to rest yourself, particularly the area of body involved;   Ã‚  Ã‚   ? rink plenty of water to help prevent you becoming dehydrated;   Ã‚  Ã‚   ? elevate the region of the body affected with cellulitis,that will help to decrease main symptoms of swelling and relieve irritation,specially for cases of lower leg cellulitis and arm cellulitis (cellulitis of extremities);   Ã‚  Ã‚   ? use †over the counter†(OTC) pain relievers Ibuprofen â₠¬â€œ (Motrin) or Acetaminophen – (Tylenol) – for pain reduction and help to keep fever down. All this instructions of self-care cellulitis treatment are in order to help ease symptoms and speed up recovery. Upon healing, the infected skin showing signs of cellulitis will begin to regenerate and the blistered areas will flake off like old skin. Terrasil MAX is a reparative skin cream used to treat various types of skin problems. It is fast-working and can provide instant relief from itching, irritation, inflammation and soreness. With regular use, Terrasil MAX cleans, soothes, moisturizes and repairs unhealthy skin. It’s formulated with plant extracts and minerals which fight germs and enhance the skin’s regenerative process. This innovative lotion contains no harsh chemicals, steroids or parabens. Made from only natural ingredients, Terrasil MAX is safe to apply on sensitive skin, and people of all ages and skin types can use it. There are no known side effects associated with the use of Terrasil MAX over a five year range. Thousands of customers around the world recommend this therapeutic cream for numerous skin issues. B)Medical Treatment For Cellulitis Infection B. 1. ) Home Care Medical Treatment For Cellulitis If infection is not too serious you can be treated at household. Your medical adviser will give you a prescription for antibiotics to take orally for a 7 to 10 days. Be sure to tell your doctor about any responses you may have had previously to antibiotics. If your symptoms worsen 48 hours after taking the antibiotics, or you start to develop symptoms such as a high temperature, or vomiting, you should contact your medical adviser immediately. B. 2. ) Hospital Treatment For Cellulitis If your cellulitis is especially severe, you may need infirmary handling (and you will require antibiotics to be given through a vein in your arm). You may be taken to hospital if:   Ã‚  Ã‚   ? your cellulitis is severe, or rapidly deteriorating;   Ã‚  Ã‚   ? you are very old or very young person; your cellulitis involves extensive areas or areas close to important structures(such is infection around the eye socket);   Ã‚  Ã‚   ? you have bad secondary symptoms, such as fever, or vomiting;   Ã‚  Ã‚   ? your infection worsens after taking antibiotics for 2 to 3 days;   Ã‚  Ã‚   ? you have cellulitis on a recurring basis; ? you have other medical problems wh ich is serious. Important note: It is very important to take all prescribed antibiotics. Even in case that the inflammation seems to be gone do not stop taking the medications early. Medical practitioner may want to see patient in 2-3 days to check if the current infection is improving. Surgery process is required rarely in cellulitis treatment, severe only. An abscess, or collection of pus in the tissue, may require to be opened surgically to provide drainage. Inactive tissue may require to be cut away to allow healing. Cellulitis Treatment With Medications Oral, topical (skin applied), or IV ( intravenous) antibiotics drugs may be used for cellulitis treatment. Treatment with antibiotics also calling treatment of choice. It depends on the severity and body region involved by infection, medicines are given in the infirmary, at household, or combination both locations. Hardness of infection will also determine whether antibiotics drugs are distributed through IV or orally. More details about medicines used to treat cellulitis please visit our cellulitis treatment antibiotics page. Prevention Of A Recurrence Unfortunately, there is high percentage of patients who receive treatment for cellulitis will have a recurrence (up to 50%). To find more about prevention of a recurrence visit our cellulitis prevention page. Cellulitis Treatment Chemotherapy Treatment Treatment of cellulitis Treatment for cellulitis

Famous Elizabethans and Their Era Essay

The first about who we will talk is Edmund Spenser (1522-1599), who was an English poet best known for The Faerie Queene, an epic poem and fantastical allegory celebrating the Tudor Dynasty and Elizabeth I. he is recognized as one of the premier craftsmen of Modern English verse in its infancy, and one of the greatest poets in the English language. The first verses ever published by Spenser were six sonnets translated from Petrarch. Then followed The Shepherds Calendar, whose subject was suggested to him by Sydney. In writing it, Spenser used foreign models derived from Greek poetry, Latin, French, and Italian literature. The verses are still very conventional and show obvious signs of immaturity, the content is mythological-scholarly, though there are many beautiful descriptions of English rural scenery. The melody is often interrupted; however, it inaugurates a new era in English poetry. This new era is superbly by The Faerie Queene. The models which Spenser used when he embarked upon the difficult task of composing this poem, the most important and popular of all that he ever wrote, were Ariosto’s Orlando furioso and Tasso’s Gerusalemme Liberato. Conceived in the midst of the uncanny beauties of the Irish landscape, The Faerie Queene is far from indifferent to them, finding in them an important source of inspiration for his natural background; as important as medieval English and Celtic poetry were for the narrative. The chief task Spenser set himself was to amalgamate all these poetical elements and, by deepening the moral content of court poetry and by fertilizing it with the new humanistic ideas, to write an impressive national epic. Few poems more clearly illustrate the variety of influences from which most great literary works result. In many respects the most direct source was the body of Italian romances of chivalry, especially the ‘Orlando Furioso’ of Ariosto, which was written in the early part of the sixteenth century. These romances, in turn, combine the personages of the medieval French epics of Charlemagne with something of the spirit of Arthurian romance and with a Renaissance atmosphere of magic and of rich fantastic beauty. Spenser borrows and absorbs all these things and moreover he imitates Ariosto closely, often merely translating whole passages from his work. But this use of the Italian romances, further, carries with it a large employment of characters, incidents, and imagery from classical mythology and literature, among other things the elaborated similes of the classical epics. Spenser himself is directly influenced, also, by the medieval romances. Most important of all, all these elements are shaped to the purpose of the poem by Spenser’s high moral aim, which in turn springs largely from his Platonic idealism. To the beauty of Spenser’s imagination, ideal and sensuous, corresponds his magnificent command of rhythm and of sound. As a verbal melodist, especially a melodist of sweetness and of stately grace, and as a harmonist of prolonged and complex cadences, he is unsurpassable. But he has full command of his rhythm according to the subject, and can range from the most delicate suggestion of airy beauty to the roar of the tempest or the strident energy of battle. In vocabulary and phraseology his fluency appears inexhaustible. Here, as in ‘The Shepherd’s Calendar,’ he deliberately introduces, especially from Chaucer, obsolete words and forms, such as the inflectional ending in -en which distinctly contribute to his romantic effect. His constant use of alliteration is very skilful; the frequency of the alliteration on w is conspicuous but apparently accidental. For the external medium of all this beauty Spenser, modifying the ottava rima of Ariosto (a stanza which rimes abababcc), invented the stanza which bears his own name and which is the only artificial stanza of English origin that has ever passed into currency. The rime-scheme is ababbcbcc and in the last line the iambic pentameter gives place to an Alexandrine (an iambic hexameter). Whether or not any stanza form is as well adapted as blank verse or the rimed couplet for prolonged narrative is an interesting question, but there can be no doubt that Spenser’s stanza, firmly unified, in spite of its length, by its central couplet and by the finality of the last line, is a discovery of genius, and that the Alexandrine, ‘forever feeling for the next stanza,’ does much to bind the stanzas together. It has been adopted in no small number of the greatest subsequent English poems, including such various ones as Burns’ ‘Cotter’s Saturday Night,’ Byron’s ‘Childe Harold,’ Keats’ ‘Eve of St. Agnes,’ and Shelley’s ‘Adonais. ‘ In general style and spirit, it should be added, Spenser has been one of the most powerful influences on all succeeding English romantic poetry. Two further sentences of Lowell well summarize his whole general achievement: ‘His great merit is in the ideal treatment with which he glorified common things and gilded them with a ray of enthusiasm. He is a standing protest against the tyranny of the Commonplace, and sows the seeds of a noble discontent with prosaic views of life and the dull uses to which it may be put. The next famous Elizabethan that should be mentioned and about whom we will make a few references concerning his life, his work and his innovations in literature is Christopher Marlowe (1564-1593), who was an English dramatist, poet and translator of the Elizabethan era. As the foremost Elizabethan tragedian, he is known for his blank verse, his overreaching protagonist, and h is mysterious death. Marlowe’s reputation as a dramatist rests on five plays – Tamburlaine, Doctor Faustus, The Jew of Malta, Edward II, and Dido, Queen of Cartage. To these five masterpieces might be added The Massacre of Paris, a bloody-thirsty melodrama now, it seems, little read. In this handful of plays appears the first true voice of the Renaissance, of the period of a new learning, new freedom, new enterprise, of the period of worship of Man rather than God. Marlowe sums up the new age. The old restrictions of the Church and the limitation on knowledge have been destroyed; the world is opening up and the ships are sailing to new lands; wealth is being amassed; the great national aggressors are rising. But, above all, it is the spirit of human freedom, of limitless human power and enterprise that Marlowe’s plays convey. Tamburlaine is the great conqueror, the embodiment of tyrannical power; Barabas, the Jew of Malta, stands for monetary power; Faustus represents the most deadly hunger of all, for the power which supreme knowledge can give. Each one of Christopher Marlowe’s plays is, in a sense, a tour de force, a special creation. The Jew of Malta, Dido, and The Massacre of Paris, though abounding in passages of strength yet do not fulfill the requirements the author himself had set up. The Jew, however, was very popular, being performed thirty-six times in four years, which in those days was an unusual record. Marlowe’s first and most important service to drama was the improvement of blank verse. Greene had condemned its use as being unscholarly; Sackville and Norton had used it, but were not able to lift it above commonplace. In their work, it usually consisted of isolated lines, one following another, with no grouping according to thought. All the verses were made after one rhythmical pattern, with the same number of feet and the caesura always in place. Marlowe invented numberless variations while still keeping the satisfying rhythm within a recurring pattern. Sometimes he left a redundant syllable, or left the line one syllable short, or moved the position of the caesura. He grouped his lines according to the thought and adapted his various rhythms to the ideas. Thus blank verse became a living organism, plastic, brilliant, and finished. Marlowe’s second best gift to drama was his conception of the heroic tragedy built on a grand scale, with the three-fold unity of character, impression, and interest, instead of the artificial unities of time and place. Before his time tragedies were built either according to the loose style of the chronicle, or within the mechanical framework of the Seneca model; but in either case the dramatic unity attained by the Greeks was lacking. Marlowe and Shakespeare, with their disregard of the so-called classic rules, were in fact much nearer the spirit of Aeschylus and Sophocles than the slavish followers of the pseudo-classic schools. Marlowe painted gigantic ambitions, desires for impossible things, longings for a beauty beyond earthly conception, and sovereigns destroyed by the very powers which had raised them to their thrones. Tamburlaine, Faust, Barabbas are the personifications of arrogance, ambition and greed. There is sometimes a touch of the extravagant or bombastic, or even of the puerile in his plays, for he had no sense of humor; nor had he the ability to portray a woman. He wrote no drama on the subject of love. Furthermore, his world is not altogether our world, but a remote field of the imagination. It has been remarked that â€Å"in Marlowe’s superb verse there is very little to indicate that the writer had ever encountered any human beings. [1]In spite of this, he was great, both as a dramatist and poet. His short life, the haste of his work, the irregularities of his habits, these things combined to keep him from perfecting the creations of his imagination. Taken together, his plays imposed a standard upon all succeeding theatrical compositions. Before him, in England, there was no play of great importance; but after him, and based upon his work as a model, rose the greatest drama of English history. A friendlier critic, Mr. A. C. Swinburne, observes of this poet that â€Å"the father of English tragedy and the creator of English blank verse was therefore also the teacher and the guide of Shakespeare. † In this sentence there are two misleading assumptions and two misleading conclusions. Kyd has as good a title to the first honour as Marlowe; Surrey has a better title to the second; and Shakespeare was not taught or guided by one of his predecessors or contemporaries alone. The less questionable judgment is, that Marlowe exercised a strong influence over later drama, though not himself as great a dramatist as Kyd; that he introduced several new tones into blank verse, and commenced the dissociative process which drew it farther and farther away from the rhythms of rhymed verse; and that when Shakespeare borrowed from him, which was pretty often at the beginning, Shakespeare either made something inferior or something different. To sum up we can say that Marlowe’s major contribution to the Elizabethan drama is due to his vigorous and masterly use of blank verse (his ‘’mighty line’’) – a poetic form consisting of unrhymed iambic pentameters which is much nearer to conversational, natural English than any other metrical form. It is vigorous, flexible, and it can suit itself to the necessities of declamation, oratory, exposition, speechmaking, etc. , being used by Shakespeare himself to extraordinary effect. The last but not the least famous Elizabethan we have to speak is Ben Johnson (1572-1637), who was an English renaissance dramatist, poet and actor. A contemporary of William Shakespeare, he is best known for his satirical plays, particularly Volpone, The Alchemist and Bartholomew Fair, which are considered his best and his lyrical poems. A man of vast reading and unparalleled breadth of influence on Jacobean and Caroline playwrights and poets. The second place among the Elizabethan and Jacobean dramatists is universally assigned, on the whole justly, to Ben Jonson, who both in temperament and in artistic theories and practice presents a complete contrast to Shakespeare. Most conspicuous in his dramas is his realism, often, as we have said, extremely coarse, and a direct reflection of his intellect, which was as strongly masculine as his body and altogether lacking, where the regular drama was concerned, in fineness of sentiment or poetic feeling. He early assumed an attitude of pronounced opposition to the Elizabethan romantic plays, which seemed to him not only lawless in artistic structure but unreal and trifling in atmosphere and substance. That he was not, however, as has sometimes been said, personally hostile to Shakespeare is clear, among other things, from his poetic tributes in the folio edition of Shakespeare and from his direct statement elsewhere that he loved Shakespeare almost to idolatry. ) Jonson’s purpose was to present life as he believed it to be; he was thoroughly acquainted with its worser side; and he refused to conceal anything that appeared to him significant. His plays, therefore, have very much that is flatly offensive to the taste which seeks in literature, prevailingly, for idealism and beauty; but they are, nevertheless, generally speaking, powerful portrayals of actual life. Jonson’s purpose, however, was never unworthy; rather, it was distinctly to uphold morality. His frankest plays, as we have indicated, are attacks on vice and folly, and sometimes, it is said, had important reformatory influence on contemporary manners. He held, indeed, that in the drama, even in comedy, the function of teaching was as important as that of giving pleasure. His attitude toward his audiences was that of a learned schoolmaster, whose ideas they should accept with deferential respect; and when they did not approve his plays he was outspoken in indignant contempt. Jonson’s self-satisfaction and his critical sense of intellectual superiority to the generality of mankind produce also a marked and disagreeable lack of sympathy in his portrayal of both life and character. The world of his dramas is mostly made up of knaves, scoundrels, hypocrites, fools, and dupes; and it includes among its really important characters very few excellent men and not a single really good woman. Jonson viewed his fellow-men, in the mass, with complete scorn, which it was one of his moral and artistic principles not to disguise. His characteristic comedies all belong, further, to the particular type which he himself originated, namely, the ‘Comedy of Humors. ‘ In opposition to the free Elizabethan romantic structure, Jonson stood for and deliberately intended to revive the classical style; though with characteristic good sense he declared that not all the classical practices were applicable to English plays. He generally bserved unity not only of action but also of time (a single day) and place, sometimes with serious resultant loss of probability. In his tragedies, ‘Sejanus’ and ‘’Catiline,’’ he excluded comic material; for the most part he kept scenes of death and violence off the stage; and he very carefully and slowly constructed plays which have nothing, indeed, of the poetic greatness of Sophocles or Euripides ( rather a Jonson’s broad solidity) but which move steadily to their climaxes and then on to the catastrophes in the compact classical manner. He carried his scholarship, however, to the point of pedantry, not only in the illustrative extracts from Latin authors with which in the printed edition he filled the lower half of his pages, but in the plays themselves in the scrupulous exactitude of his rendering of the details of Roman life. The plays reconstruct the ancient world with much more minute accuracy than do Shakespeare’s; the student should consider for himself whether they succeed better in reproducing its human reality, making it a living part of the reader’s mental and spiritual possessions. Jonson’s style in his plays, especially the blank verse of his tragedies, exhibits the same general characteristics. It is strong, compact, and sometimes powerful, but it entirely lacks imaginative poetic beauty, it is really only rhythmical prose, though sometimes suffused with passion. Last, and not least: Jonson’s revolt from romanticism to classicism initiated, chiefly in non-dramatic verse, the movement for restraint and regularity, which, making slow headway during the next half century, was to issue in the triumphant pseudo-classicism of the generations of Dryden and Pope. Thus, notable in himself, he was significant also as one of the moving forces of a great literary revolution.

Computer Science Essay

Internet Information Services (ISS) has become one of the mostly used technologies in the Information Systems to handle Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) requests. However, hackers have greatly targeted these IIS. Moreover, some viruses such as the Nimbda and Code Red have caused severe damages on IIS servers. This paper highlights on the various steps which IIS administrators ought to put into consideration in order to ascertain security for their corporations’ IIS servers by locking down their IIS web servers. Securing the IIS Web Servers The IIS is used to create, manage and secure websites and is included in the Windows New Technology Operating Systems. To ensure that the IIS server is secured, firstly, the IIS administrator must make sure that he has the system installed with latest updated service pack and the most current IIS packets. Additionally, other packets that are necessary for Windows 2000 must also be availed. In order to maintain the server operating steadily, the administrator has to register for the automatic security updates. Afterwards, the HiSecWeb package has to be unpacked in order to configure the computer well for IIS security. The IIS configuration settings are located in metabase, which is a data storage area. The metabase has a hierarchical organization structure, which depicts the IIS installation structure. After successful installation of the latest updated operating system and the IIS, the process of securing then gets on the move. This process begins at the network layer (Novick, 2010). In order to lock the network, the router, firewall and switch have to be configured to specifically allow external networks’ traffic pass to the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) port. In the web server’s Internet Protocol (IP) address, the TCP is port 80 but when using the Secure Socket Layer (SSL), it is port 443. This configuration, though not complicated, bars the attack of the web server by any malicious external intruders. Securing the network only protects the web server. Therefore and as aforementioned, after testing the security updates of the operating system and the IIS patches, automatic updates is scheduled. In adding security and removing vulnerabilities to the IIS application, the administrator has to rename, disable or delete the IUSR account and recreate it. The IUSR account refers to an anonymous user in the web. For faster and straightforward securing of this account, the IIS Lockdown Tool, which is a product from Microsoft, is run. This tool uses the New Technology (NT) and IIS existing facilities in protecting the IIS server from the earlier mentioned viruses and other known and mysterious attacks. The use of this tool qualifies the account to become a member of the local group of the web anonymous users. Moreover, the Lockdown tool involuntarily dispenses the web anonymous users’ local group Deny Write or Deny Execute authorizations to the corporation’s directories on the web. Likewise, adding these group users to be members of the local group will give the same results. UrlScan Security tool is also found within the Lockdown tool and it helps, in conjunction with the former tool, in eliminating web extensions that are considered to be dangerous and of no consequence and checking any attempts to run EXE, IDA and HTA file extensions that are restricted. Furthermore, they put a ceiling on the HTTP request types to be processed by the IIS server (Novick, 2010). Disabling socket pooling also plays a pivotal role in IIS securing. The technique of connection pooling allows many sites to share TCP sockets. Consequently, disabling this enhancement will ensure that the IIS server is not in a position run services that are using ports with similar port numbers. Since the socket pooling option is by default enabled, the administrator renders it inoperative by configuring the DiasbleSocketPooling, an option in the llisWebServer classes and llsWebService. The IIS web server can further be secured by implementing various logon methods by applying basic authentication realms. For instance, web server user privileges. This strategy assigns a user name and password that ensures only the users having them are the ones who can physically access the server. Another logon procedure is the use of password pass through. The server only authenticates the user after having entered his/her credentials which have to be entered for each subsequent page in the web (Kozicki, 2003). To further the security of the server, an encryption connection may also be used. However, this option of securing the IIS server has some loopholes since the username and the password are passed over the internet in each log in thus becomes exposed to hackers. Therefore, in order to increase the security levels of the IIS server, modification can be made. These include employment of authentication methods that are interactive, application authentication and authentication of the network that has the capability to preserve the user credentials. Since IIS servers are highly exposed to public internet, the IIS security checklist provided by Microsoft is also reliable. This provides an extensive security function to the server through the numerous steps of installation and application settings for maximum functionality. However, most of the implementation procedures and steps are more or less similar to those of the UrlScan and the IIS Lockdown tool.

Customer Service Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Customer Service - Essay Example It is under the medical services industry and it is both a public and private health center as it houses both private and public wings. Sunrise Health Center has an in-patient bed capacity of sixty beds in four wards, with fifteen beds in each ward. The medical facility has fifteen employees with two in the senior management and two in junior management levels. Four employees are support staff where each is assigned to one ward. The other seven employees are medical staff who attend to patients and provide other medical services. The medical facility has a laboratory and a pharmacy which are manned by staff who are on a rotating work schedule. In-patients services are offered on a twenty four hour basis while the out-patient services are available during the normal working hours of 8.00am to 5.00pm from Monday to Saturdays. The out-patient section of the facility remains closed on Sundays and public holidays. The nearest hospital to Sunrise Health Center is St. Mary Mission Hospital which is twelve and a half miles away to the south. Sunrise Health Center refers all the complicated medical cases to this mission hospital and also relies on the referral hospital for supply of some drugs that are not readily available. St. Mary Mission Hospital also refers some of its patients to the medical facility for check-ups and other regular visits. This mostly happens for patients who live near Sunrise Health Center. Customer service in Sunrise Health Center seriously needs improvements. Some of the customer service issues identified are; lack of customer confidentiality, poor communication skills among the medical staffs, slow response to emergency medical cases, late opening and unavailability of drugs in the pharmacy. There have been two cases in the health center that were related to customer confidentiality. The first case involved a patient who developed breathing problems at work and was rushed to the health center by two of his

Planning Document Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Planning Document - Research Paper Example The plans established during project planning stage will aid the manager to save time, resources, quality, challenges, transformations and other issues. Additionally, it helps the manager to manage team, members of staff and outside stakeholders to ensure project timely project deliverance and within schedule. Introduction Experts agree that project-planning stage is mainly the most problematic stage for human resource managers because they need to produce skilled staff, adequate resources and tools required to complete the project. They may also require organizing and communicating the plan, project scope, procurement activities and work breakdown structures for the success of the program. This paper explains my project charter for benefit and compensation package revamping, communication plan, the scope of the project and the work breakdown structure for my compensation and benefit package as a new appointed human resource manager in charge of small teams. Discussion Project Charte r for Project Benefit and Compensation Package Revamping As a new human resource head appointee and now responsible for a small team management, I have a critical role ahead. The next project based on this new task is to revamp the benefit and employee compensation package that workers are receiving at the organization. Workforce benefits and compensation are intensively crucial and significant aspects in the process of new hire approval and workforce retention. Similarly, it is my responsibility to revamp, build and provide a valuable benefit and compensation products, that motivate and retain the most crucial and experienced workforce while making them accepted, proud and approved by the company members. The primary goal and purpose of workforce compensation is to offer effective and equal benefits to workforce at a level, which align their expertise, capabilities and contributions to the organization. Compensation is the role of human resource management, which handles all forms of rewards that people receive for their better performance – such as nonfinancial and economic benefits. My financial benefits plan will entail direct rewards like salary, time off pays, wages, any form of bonus and increases on merit basis as well as other plans for profit sharing. Indirect rewards like workforce benefits, (Armstrong & Cummins, 2011). Additionally, nonfinancial benefits involve anything in workstation, which promotes workforce’s self-esteem and self-respect sense by others. Therefore, as a new human resource manager, I will design packages for compensation and benefits for the entire workforce and perspective new recruits. I will design and implement the team’s expectations to prevent miscommunication concerning employees’ requirements. The project charter will include a policy concerning the number of work hours, overtime, time compensation and time off payments (such as Holidays, emergency leaves and personal holidays). In addition, t he least or base grades of salary will be based on position or title of the job, job description, job qualification and educational qualification will be established to determined workforce salary. A compensation plan is what motivates long-term workforce that is rewarded without evaluating their jobs or establishing an entitlement sense. Therefore, as a new human resource leader, I will have to provide this material to higher management and right stakeholders for the project approval. The aim is to indicate where the dollars that workforce spends on after taxation by

Age And Acquisition Of English As A Foreign Language Essay

Age And Acquisition Of English As A Foreign Language - Essay Example The ‘age factor’ has at all times been one of the chief issues in terms of research and investigations focused on the acquisition of second/foreign language. Nonetheless, the crucial point has now shifted from investigating the question of whether there exists a crucial phase, as observed during the 1970s and 80s, to the suitable time to begin education in L2. Such a trend is mainly applicable in foreign language acquisition perspectives across Europe and visibly apparent in countries like Spain where the age of instruction for teaching English was significantly reduced from 11 years of age to 8 years by the Reforma. It is hence, highly likely that advance improvements might press forward the starting age for learning a foreign language to age 6. Although these changes fail to consider the conclusions from current research, they do, however, replicate the common fear regarding the significance of languages, particularly English, in our every day lives. This book review i s, as a result, of supreme significance to teachers as well as students of English as a second/foreign language. It accumulates certain chosen contributions in two parts. The first part deals with "Theoretical Issues" discussed in three chapters which present a general idea about the role of age in learning languages. Chapter 1 in part 1 titled â€Å"Critical Period or General Age Factor(s)† written by David Singleton provides a methodical introduction to the CPH Critical Period Hypothesis as well as the theory of CP Critical Period.

Final Project Proposal Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Final Project - Research Proposal Example Kinect is a motion sensor input device that is developed by Microsoft for use with Xbox gaming consoles and personal computers and was launched on 4 November, 2010. The device resembles a webcam and is plugged into a computer or Xbox console through a USB port. It has a camera which tracks body movements of a user and a microphone for audio input. The microphone can be used for commanding the computer or console through voice commands. Kinect also features a depth sensor that uses infrared to accurately analyze movements of a user. The Xbox Kinect has been a huge success for Microsoft. It is recognized by Guinness World Records as the world’s fastest-selling consumer electronics gadget. The gadget has also resulted in more sales of Xbox games as the technology attracts buyers to games designed to take advantage of the Kinect’s capabilities. Sales of Xbox consoles have also soared, as consumers opt to buy packages that bundle the consoles and Kinect sensor systems. Through this device, Microsoft has reinvented gaming and completely changed how humans interact with

Does Police Discretion Amount to a Miscarriage of Justice Literature review

Does Police Discretion Amount to a Miscarriage of Justice - Literature review Example In truth, as stated by some criminologists, when there was a dispute, public order takes precedence over enforcement of the law or policing (Maguire, Morgan, & Reiner 2007, 227). Once it is recognised as an expected aspect of law enforcement that there are instances when the law is ‘inadequately implemented’ the issue then emerges whether every sector of the society gain evenly from this. This essay reviews related literature on police work to explore whether police use of discretion could be considered as a miscarriage of justice. Police Discretion Police have the power to take away the liberty of citizens, apprehend or detain them, and even use lethal force to restrain them. An important feature of this professional duty is the ‘discretion’ the police has in performing their duties. Discretion may include discriminating/selective law enforcement (e.g. when a law enforcer decides not to apprehend a pub that is selling liquors to minors (Ogletree & Sarat 200 9, 18). Law enforcers exercise discretion when they make a decision to apprehend one offender for unruly behaviour but to let another go free. Most police officers exercise a considerable extent of personal discretion in performing everyday duties, occasionally called in criminal justice ‘low-visibility decision making’ (Siegel & Worrall 2012, 125). Such expression implies that, not like most departments of criminal justice, law enforcers are neither controlled in their everyday practices and behaviour by governmental inspection nor under judicial investigation, except when their actions undoubtedly abuses a criminal’s legal rights. The people accept the power of police to use discretion. However, recently, scholars and policymakers have publicly shown great resentment about the discretion used by the police, and there have been numerous demands to abolish, weaken, or regulate this power (Siegel & Worrall 2012, 125-126). These people believe that police use of di scretion often leads to miscarriage of justice. One justification of such demands is the widespread belief that law enforcement is ought to be ministerial, performing its tasks in rigid compliance to legislative conditions. Another justification is the widely held belief that as the police use discretion, they are predisposed to show prejudice against some individuals and/or groups, mostly resulting in wrongful convictions (Sutherland, Cressey, & Luckenbill 1992, 355). As a matter of fact, there is abundant evidence revealing that, for a particular offence, law enforcers are more inclined to apprehend men than women, young individuals than older ones, Black people than White people, etc. Thus, police discretion attracts a lot of controversies (Sutherland et al. 1992, 355). As remarked by William McDonald (1973), â€Å"It invites arbitrariness, favouritism, corruption, and injustice. Even when it is exercised even-handedly, it can create the appearance of injustice† (Sutherlan d et al.1992, 355). All the same, police discretion will continue to exist because no legislative body, absent from the street, can accurately and unmistakably specify beforehand what actions must have as its outcome a formal arrest. As emphasised by Albert Reiss, Jr. (1971) (Sutherland et al. 1992, 355): It is incumbent upon a police officer to enter upon a variety of social stages, encounter the actors, determine

Part 3 of Health Campaign Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Part 3 of Health Campaign - Essay Example the target population by examining global implications, environmental factors, and disease prevention; and (4) to provide a summary of useful epidemiology or other data models managers may use to make decisions on the ground and to anticipate future trends on obesity. The issues that surround obesity threatening the health condition of the American population cannot be overemphasized. Healthy People 2010 proffered a comprehensive discourse on specific objectives, agencies involved in monitoring and directly addressing obesity related issues, the models and systems used for monitoring this chronic illness and epidemiologic surveillance systems and tools which guide community based health practitioners and ultimately, national agencies in recommending solutions to this dilemma. The scope of the health campaign to fight and prevent obesity on a wide scale level encompassed an evaluation of the target population, as well as the community based response to the issue. Starting from the grass root level of identifying the root causes and enumerating the specific strategies that communities plan to implement as a means of addressing and preventing obesity within their localities, the road to prevention is made more viable and feasible through coordinated efforts of both local and national agencies. The critical roles of leaders in communities and institutions, as well as funding and social marketing which contribute to the promotion of a healthy lifestyle and in enforcing strategies to ultimately prevent obesity were previously identified. In this regard, this paper is written with the objective of developing a health campaign on obesity as one of the national issues identified in Healthy People 2010, specifically focusing on the following: (1) to recommend the implementation of a campaign for obesity to improve population health addressing social, economic, and cultural factors; (2) to recommend approaches, such as programs, policies, laws, and environmental aspects,

Film review 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Film review 2 - Essay Example All of the characters have been showed struggling with their difficulties; a reality which can be seen in our daily day-to-day lives. It is evident to see white characters being more privileged and black characters being more suppressed. Jean and Rick Cabot being the privileged white people have appeared as confident, financially sound and powerful people who belonged to elite class of the society. On the other hand, Peter and Anthony appear as the suppressed, filled with hatred and struggling characters who have their hearts filled with hatred infused in them by the treatment they have received from the white people. The sight of Peter and Anthony scares Jean. To overcome her fear, she grabs tightly the arm of her husband that ultimately offends the black young men and as a result, they steal their car. Haggis has well portrayed the sense of insecurity felt by Jean in this scene. He has tried his best to demonstrate the racism and the common thought that how white people perceive bl acks. This scene not only approves the racism but the also the truth that why white people fear the blacks. People in America closely associate violence and cruelty with African-American community which is a true fact. On the other hand, Jean’s behaviour can be associated with prejudice she had for African-Americans and seeing that her car has been taken away on the gun point by the blacks; she confirms that her reaction against those people was right (Ray, 2007). The fight between the privileged characters and oppressed ones are clearly highlighted in the movie. Some characters have been shown struggling to meet their day-to-day necessities while some are shown enjoying the greater benefits; hence, giving rise to social rift and racism in the American society. Waking Up Phase in the End of Movie: Anthony being the victim of racism and discrimination extends his help to the Chinese people who were locked in the van. His action was to free them from the tyranny and suppression he had faced earlier. Anthony was the main character who was waking up to the liberation by extending his help to other people belonging to different race and ethnicity. He has tried to overcome the suppression he had to face in terms of Jean’s behaviour and his reaction he showed to her and her husband. But my helping the locked Chinese people, he has been shown as a person who stands more on his moral ground and confirms himself as a person with an enlightened soul. It can be concluded from the last scene that racism can be alleviated from the society. Anthony was going through the process of defence mechanism especially reaction formation, dissociation and displacement which holds a greater message for the audience and a lesson for the society to address the issue of racism by overcoming their internal grudges and shallows in personality. Analyzing the Movie on Personal Experiences: Crash revolves around the bitter realities of life. It shows how the life is and how we ex perience difference problems in our day to day life. The movie typically revolves around racism and social discrimination against minorities. Crash highlights the bitter truths. From the different scenes of the movie, I observed that none of the white characters of the movie were shown struggling with their finances; they were showed on good positions, enjoying all the benefits without worrying about managing their finances. However, on the other hand, black

Minitab Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Minitab - Assignment Example To determine whether the wording of the cover letter influences the response rate, three different cover letters were used in a survey of students at a Midwestern university. Suppose that each of the three cover letters accompanied questionnaires sent to an equal number of randomly selected students. Returned questionnaires were then classified according to the type of cover letter (I, II, or III). Use the accompanying data to test the hypothesis that the true proportions of all returned questionnaires accompanied by cover letters I, II, and III are the same. Use a 0.05 significance level. As shown in Minitab output, all expected frequencies are greater than 1 and no expected frequency is less than 5. Furthermore, as stated in the problem, the sample is a simple random sample. Therefore, all the assumptions of the test are met. At the 5% significance level, the data provide sufficient evidence to conclude that the hypothesis that the true proportions of all returned questionnaires accompanied by cover letters I, II, and III are the same. 2. A survey was conducted in the San Francisco Bay area in which each participating individual was classified according to the type of vehicle used most often and city of residence. A subset of the resulting data is given in the accompanying table. Do the data provide convincing evidence of an association between city of residence and vehicle type? Use a significance level of 0.05. You may assume that it is reasonable to regard the sample as a random sample of Bay area residents. As shown in Minitab output, all expected frequencies are greater than 1 and no expected frequency is less than 5. Furthermore, as stated in the problem, it is reasonable to regard the sample as a random sample of Bay area residents. Therefore, all the assumptions of the test are met. Standardized residuals greater than 2 in absolute value provide evidence

According to Collis and Hussey Essay Example for Free

According to Collis and Hussey Essay Interviews â€Å"are a method of collecting data in which selected participants are asked questions in order to find out what they do, think or feel†. Saunders et al. (2003) propose the idea that this method is an efficient way of collecting reliable and valid information, because the data gathered comes directly from the source in study, which certainly helps to achieve the research question and objectives of this project. Therefore, choosing interviews was based on its suitability in finding what is happening and seeking new sights when exploring career obstacles for Hong Kong women managers. Interviews are classified based on the degree of flexibility as well as formality and structure that the researcher would like to apply. Therefore, there are three types of interviews, structured, semi-structured and unstructured interviews (Kumar, 1999; Saunders et al. , 2000; Ghauri and Gronhaug, 2002). In the structured interview â€Å"the investigator asks a pre-determined set of questions, using the same wording and order of questions as specified in the interview schedule† (Kumar, 1999, p.109); in semi-structured interview, the questions are also prepared beforehand, but in contrast, they offer more flexibility in facilitating the interviewee to modify the questions to investigate new ideas that might come up during the interview; and the unstructured interviews are based on a general topic of interest, but the questions are spontaneously posed to the respondent (Kumar, 1999; Guillham, 2000; Saunders et al. , 2000; Ghauri and Gronhaug, 2002). See more: Foot Binding In China essay It has been suggested that for phenomenological approaches and exploratory researches, a semi-structure interview is the most suitable type since the interviewer can explore in-depth a specific area that might be of interest (Jankowicz, 1999). The interviews carried out for this research were semi-structured. One of the reasons of choosing this type of interview is because they are more conductible and easier to control in order to establish and maintain empathy with respondents, so make the respondents be more comfortable and express their opinions more freely. It also gives the interviewer the opportunity to discover and understand the respondents’ points of view and beliefs about a specific situation (Zikmund, 2000). Saunders et al. (2000) mention that semi-structured are qualitative research interviews and are classified as non-standardized, where questions might vary from one interview to another since it depends on the course that the conversation takes, hence it would required of additional questions. In addition, Healey and Rawlinson (1994 cited Saunders et al., 2000) point out that more than one type can be used within an interview, where one section may ask factual closed questions, such as personal details, and the next sections could explore more qualitative issues. In this case, a combination of styles was adopted within the interviews held. The first section consisted of a set of factual questions in order to find out the interviewee’s work position and background. The following sections were based on qualitative responses where relevant topics were taking under consideration accordingly to the literature review developed in Chapter II as well as aim and objectives of the research. For instance, in the second section, Hong Kong women managers were asked to shed light on their marriage and family aspects; their nature of job, obstacles in their career pathways; and their plans to grow in their organizations in future. Furthermore, the semi-structured interviews allowed a free-flowing discussion, which in turn produced a better understanding of the way of thinking, opinions, and behavior of women manager in relation to their experiences towards working in an environment that supports male managers and the career obstacles they face. 3. 7. 3. Data Quality Issues There are a number of data quality issues to be aware and consider when conducting an interview, otherwise it would put at risk the findings of the investigation. In this case information supplied to the interviewee, confidentiality, listening skills and recording of interviews is going to be considered for this section (Kvale, 1996; Saunders et al. , 2000). 3. 7. 3. 1. Information Supplied to the Interviewee An important issue to promote credibility to the investigation is the supply of relevant information to the participants prior the interviews. In this way, the interviewee considered the information under study and was prepare to discuss their experiences and opinions, which helped to develop the research credibility. This was reached through a letter sent to the participants, which can be seen in Appendix A. It was also mentioned the duration of the interviews, in order to let them organize their time and provide an approximately one hour to one hour and a half to the interview with no interruptions. 3. 7. 3. 2. Confidentiality According to Kvale (1996, p.114) â€Å"confidentiality in research implies that private data identifying the subjects will not be reported†. The author also highlight that the change of names to protect the privacy of the participants is of an important issue, since encourages people to reveal experiences, feelings and facts which enrich the information given by the interviewee, facilitating the development of the research (Kvale, 1996; Guillham, 2000). Hence, it was explained to the interviewee the purpose of the research and the use that it is going to have in order to gain their trust and confidence. 3. 7. 3. 3. Listening Skills For this quality issue, it is important to have attentive listening skills in order to understand the interviewee’s opinions and explanations, especially to identify comments that are relevant to the research and that might imply of develop new ideas and questions in order to keep the conversation going in the same track which is the basic characteristic of a semi-structured interview (Saunders et al. , 2000). In this case, commentaries were kept to a minimum, which allowed the interviewees to answer freely and avoid bias to the questions asked. 3. 7. 3. 4. Recording of Interviews There have been issues in relation to the recording of information gathered from the data collection methods, and the most acceptable one is the tape-recording, which its record has to be immediately after it was taken in order to obtain a reliable data for its analysis. This issue leads to what have been mentioned above in relation to the confidentiality that the researcher gives to the study per se. In addition, authors suggest making notes as well in order to make the most of the interview, that is, not to miss any relevant information that the interviewee provides (Guillham, 2000; Saunders et al. , 2000; Ghauri and Gronhaug, 2002). In this case, interviews were recorded with the permission of the respondents in order to retain as much data for the transcription and facilitate the analysis procedures, which is going to be conveyed into the next chapter. However, according to Saunders et al. (2000) and Ghauri and Gronhaug (2002), there are some disadvantages that tape-recording an interview can bring, such as the interviewee’s hesitation in responding some question or even not to answer them, which will reduce the reliability of the interview; as well as the transcription is time consuming. In the former, the participants did not have any inconvenient for the interview be recorded; and for the latter time furthermore was reserved for the interviews’ transcription. 3. 8. RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY OF THE RESEARCH. As stated by Collis and Hussey (2003) and Saunders et al. (2003), there are two aspects related to the credibility of the findings, thus it is important to consider the significance of the reliability and validity of the research outcome. In this case, reliability is concern with how well it has been carried out the research project (Blaxter et al. , 2001), which refers to the possibility of obtaining the same exact results if repeating the study (Collis and Hussey, 2003), in other words, the consistency of the methods of data collection, thus the results (Denscombe, 2002). On the other hand, validity concerns with whether the data, approaches and techniques in study actually relate to the issues that have been explored and the results relate to what is really happening in the situation (Blaxter et al. , 2001; Collis and Hussey, 2003; Saunders et al. 2003). There are some discussions which claim that qualitative research often provide valid findings, while quantitative research offers more reliable findings (Berg, 2004). This has been critiqued by Saunders et al. (2000) who state that it is possible for qualitative and quantitative research to provide both valid and reliable findings. Therefore, it can be said that considering the present research, which adopts a phenomenological approach, it is important to highlight that the reliability and validity of the questions in the interviews were maximized by the careful design of the individual questions and the clear explanation of the purpose of the interviews. Moreover, the reliability and validity of the research and the obtained information gathered from the interviews is directly linked to the applied strategy and purpose of the research, as well as to the aim and objectives of the investigation. Besides, validity is ensured by the transcriptions and further analysis of the interviewee’s experiences and opinions by direct quotations. 3. 9. ETHICAL ISSUES Researchers like Creswell (1994), Kumar (1996), Saunders et al. (2000), Collis Hussey (2003) and Jankowicz (2005) have placed emphasis on the importance of ethical considerations when doing a research. For business and management researchers, ethical issues of vital importance are confidentiality, informed consent, and honest representation of findings. Therefore, considering these ethical issues, this research requested the consent of the participants prior to the data collection, guaranteeing them of the confidentially of the information they would provide. In addition, the data collected was analyzed in a logical and scientific manner, allowing the proper representation of findings. CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS OF FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION 4. 1 COPING STRATEGIES TO COMBAT SEX DISCRIMINATION Two of the participants responded that they have not felt any kind of sex discrimination at their workplace. None of the participants felt that women need to use their feminism in order to progress in their careers. Anna responded that the gap of academic, promotional and employment opportunities for women has almost filled and men and women are getting almost equal opportunities. Anna and Emmy felt that women can do what they have decided to do in their minds and they consider themselves as an example of that kind of women. Maggie, in contrast, does not feel the same because she has an experience of workplace sex discrimination against women. She has also been discouraged to join the old-boy network and she has also experienced sexual harassment in her organization. She informed the researcher that the only way to cope up with the workplace discrimination is to get ready to move to a new job. She agreed with Emmy and Anna by saying that women who want to excel in their career can do it on their own merits. Maggie informed the researcher that she does not believe in confronting her seniors about the elimination of sex discrimination from the workplace. She also does not have any expectations from her seniors that they will try to eliminate sex discrimination from the workplace by implementing strategies to promote anti sex –discrimination policies. Thus the present study confirms the finding of study by Venter (2002) that there is no or little sex discrimination at today’s workplaces in Hong Kong. Venter (2002) found out that 66 % of the women managers interviewed in Hong Kong had responded that they did not find any sex discrimination at their workplace and 83% of them had felt that the attitude towards female managers are same as towards male managers. Westwood Leung (1999) found out that Hong Kong women managers are very less aware of the sex discrimination at workplace. Ng Pine (2003) had reported very interesting information that several Hong Kong women managers believe that sex discrimination is a prominent feature at Hong Kong organizations but when they were asked to describe their experience of sex discrimination then only a small number of the women managers were able to describe their own experience. The rest of the respondents informed that they haven’t experienced sex discrimination personally. Studies have clearly proved that Hong Kong women managers do not have any intention to confront their superiors and fight for the anti sex discrimination policies. Researches have also shown that when Hong Kong women managers are sexually harassed then they even do not confront the harasser and report to superiors and they instead use coping strategies such as they avoid or ignore the harasser, they prefer to quit or get transferred if the problem is not resolved (Chan et al. 1999; Ng 1995b). High attitude towards opportunities is found among Hong Kong women managers. They have great ability to deal any kind of discrimination at their work place. They keep their eyes and ears open and keep themselves in search of a suitable job incase they are fired or they quit. Their general and overall aim is to progress in their careers to get the higher positions in the organizations and thus they use their flexible nature to get the maximum number of opportunities to be succeeded (Venter 2002). Ng Pine (2003) reported that female hotel managers believe in using personal strategies to cope up with the discriminatory issue at their workplace. They believe in developing by looking more presentable, tend to dress up like a professional and rely on working hard to be proved as highly professional. Ng Pine (2003) found that majority of Hong Kong women managers have a high ‘can-do’ attitude and thus they believe in doing their job the best ways irrespective of the discriminatory issues against them at their workplace. Ng Chiu (1997) explained the reason of few organizations with family friendly policies is the low expectations behaviors of Hong Kong women managers who do not confront their superiors for the elimination of sex discrimination from the organization and they instead depends on their personalized strategies. Babcock Laschever (2003) found out the reason of Hong Kong women managers’ less success is due to their less skilful negotiating attitudes. However, it can not be said whether they have less skilful negotiating attitudes but it is clear from the evidences that negotiation is not prominent in the attitude of the women managers. Venter (2002) found out that as Hong Kong women managers do not have the habit to confront their superiors to get their equal rights at the workplace, they simply get less tensed as compared to other female managers who belong to Britain. Thus Hong Kong Chinese women managers are more successful in their careers and reach to the higher positions as compared to British women managers in Hong Kong. Javidan House (2001) explained that high achievement is a part of Hong Kong culture and this culture has changed the attitudes of employed women and has made them enthusiastic to grow in their careers. Hong Kong Women managers who fly high in their careers are seen as highly respected due to their ability to achieve their goal on their own without any support of society and workplace. But the women who do not reach the higher positions are blamed to be a failure due to their lack of sense of professionalism. They are considered as ‘non professional’ when they do not reach to the manager’s position. It is reflected among the society and organizations that a form of sex discrimination is evident due to the stereotyping of sex and power relations based on genders. There are very few structural changes through which the sex stereotyping and gendered roles at organizations can be changed. 4. 2 COPING STRATEGIES TO COMBAT GENDER ROLES The researcher asked all the three interviewees about their perception of single women. All of them have different perceptions on single women. Emmy feels that women stay single when they are not beautiful and thus no men attract towards such ugly women. Maggie sighed that she dreams of being a single but she also feels that being single it would have been very difficult for her to grow in her career and she has not been as successful as she is now. She also said that her roots in careers would have been very weak being a single woman. Anna feels that being a single woman is the best thing in the world. All her single friends are living happily and they do not want to get married because they believe that marriage brings a lot of problems with it. As diversity is more profound among the community of single women, the three interviewees seem influenced by the reflection of such diversity. Maggie, Anna and Emmy, all of them, love their husbands and children very much and they feel that they are the most important part of their lives. Though they consider family as the most important thing in their lives, they also believe that they cannot be stay-at-home women because they feel that they get the sense of achievement when they work and thus they get a balanced life. The nature of job of Emmy is quite flexible so she is allowed to work in flexible hours, and this way she gets a lot of time to spend with her family. She feels that her work has not affected her role as a mother as she takes plenty of time out to spend with her children. Maggie and Anna feel in contrast. They feel that they have been sandwiched between their wish to grow in their careers and their wish to spend more time with their children to ensure that the children’s education is not getting affected. This shows that both of them have both a high sense of achievement and a high sense of parenting. They feel guilty of not fulfilling their wish to be a good parent though both of them have hired foreign domestic helper. All the three interviewees believe that bringing up children is the primary duty of a woman and if a woman is employed then this duty should be handed over to other members of the extended family. All the three interviewees consider their families more important than their careers as compared to their husbands. These women do not have the habit of negotiation so they do not confront with their husbands and superiors to give them equal status. Researches have shown that Hong Kong women managers use personalized strategies to deal with work-family stress by taking help from relative, foreign domestic helpers and tutors (Lo et al. 2003; Ng 1999). Hakim (2003) also supported these positions that Hong Kong employed women are more family-centered as compared to their husbands and thus these women tend to less successful in their careers as compared to their husbands. The coping strategies that Hong Kong employed women used to reduce their work-family stress have a strong relation to the social culture of Hong Kong. Majority of Hong Kong employed women believe that they will not get any help from the government in terms of a caretaker because the social culture promotes the caretaker role of mothers and wives. If these women need help of a caretaker then they have to do it on their own because this is considered as a personal problem instead of a societal problem. All the three interviewees believe that though they are working at higher positions but their husbands should be respected as they are the breadwinners. Wives should help their husbands to be more successful in their careers. This shows that the traditional values of Hong Kong have set the mind of the women regarding their roles as a wife and a mother. The present study confirms the results of the previous studies (EOC 1997; Hong Kong Government 2003a) that the traditional ideology of a Chinese family for a man to be in charge of the work outside the house and for a woman to be in charge of the work inside the house is still present in Hong Kong culture. Due to the impact of this culture, even when both the parents are equally working and are equally concerned about the academic achievements and social well-being of their children, husbands have the liberty to be more career oriented by leaving behind their family without any sense of guilt. Thus, the culture of Hong Kong does not appreciate the growth of women as career women. This is impossible until and unless structural changes are made to understand these cultural contexts. The power structure can be changed only when the society and organizations believe in equal opportunities by dividing the power equally among women and men managers as the career success of a woman on her own basis is of no use. 2. 1. 1 FUTURE OF CAREER DEVELOPMENT OF WOMEN AS MANAGERS IN HONG KONG It is commonly believed in Hong Kong that women can achieve their goals by their enthusiasm and hard work. For this reason, Hong Kong women working at senior managerial positions tend to believe in personally designed strategies to cope up with the requirements of their workplace, homes and kids. Moreover, they believe in handling the situation of sex discrimination personally rather by confronting their superiors for the implementation of anti sex discrimination policies. They are no or little aware of a political agenda that can change their lives by bringing positive changes in institutionalization of their family status, by changing the organizational culture and state policies. Maggie, Emmy and Anna informed the researcher that they do not get time for socialization. Anna informed that in Chinese culture, home is considered as a private place so majority of Chinese do not believe in inviting friends at home unless they are very close to them because they think that it will ruin their privacy. Majority of Hong Kong women trust extended family members to take care of their children but this scenario may result in increased problems for them in future. Mobility of labor force has increased due to globalization. Two of the three interviewees are not originally Hong Kong based. A steady rise has been observed in the number of women managers on the mainland. Due to intensification of globalization, less stability is expected in support from the extended family members in Hong Kong. The traditional heterosexual family system in Hong Kong has been changed and different forms of family structure have appeared. The concept of extended family members was possible in a heterosexual family only. So, this concept does not seem to be valid with the new family structure as single-parent families are becoming common. As the concept of extended family is diminishing, women who prefer to grow in their career would seem to have no children. if primary importance will continue to be given to husband’s career, and wife’s role will be continued as a support to her husband than her husband has been to her, then there are great chances for a large number of career oriented women to remain single. When women will have to work hard and design personalized strategies to cope up with the work-family stress then a large number of women will stop marrying. Thus, number of never-married women will increase in Hong Kong. CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION Push and pull tensions are found among Hong Kong women managers. At one side, the traditional Chinese culture is still dominated in Hong Kong that makes women responsible primarily for their housework and men are considered as bread-winners. Women are expected to bring up and take care of children and other family members. So this traditional Chinese culture does not seem supportive for a woman to dream of getting success in organizations besides performing her domestic duties. At another side, women in Hong Kong that have earned higher degrees are attracted towards handsomely paid jobs due to the realistic approach of capitalism in Hong Kong. Successful women managers in Hong Kong are rewarded. Organizations search for never-married women who are ready to work on the pre-decided terms of men. So it is a common belief in Hong Kong that if women are good they can get success in organizations. If women are very good at setting personalized agenda to balance their work-family stress then they would be successful. But the researcher is not happy with these conditions. The researcher suggests that women should be encouraged and supported by society and organizations. They should be given support to get a balanced life. Organizations should implement strategies to promote anti discrimination policies. Women and family friendly policies should be encouraged in organizations. This means that there is a need to redefine the role of women at home and in organizations. They should be given equal opportunities like men and be promoted to higher positions as per their skills. Appendix A. Letter sent to the Participants of the Interviews Dear Participants, Thank you for agreeing to do this interview and participate in my Masters investigation. This letter is to inform you all related to the interview, to establish your ethical rights and my responsibilities, as well as to provide some information prior to the interview. My intention is to do an investigation to explore whether a bamboo-ceiling exists in the career pathway of Hong Kong women managers. I am currently interviewing women managers that are working in a male dominating environment to find out whether these women managers face any obstacles in order to achieve the purpose of my study. The data will be collected via interviews, which will last one hour and one hour and a half. During the interview you have the right to refuse to answer a question or a set of questions. The participant’s identities will be remained as confidential at all stages, during and after the research. Expected benefits of participation will be the opportunity to contribute knowledge to a largely under researched area and the obtained findings will be used for academic purposes only, so the access to the collected data will be permitted for university lectures and library use only. Thank you once again for your cooperation. Yours sincerely, [Your name] [Your degree] [Your university] Table 1: Ratio of Women Managers in Hong Kong, % Year Proportion, % 1994 17. 5 1995 19. 4 1996 19. 6 1997 19. 9 1998 21. 5 1999 21. 9 2000 24. 2 2001 25. 4 2002 25. 7 Source: Hong Kong Government, 2003b: 57. Table 2: Distribution of Managers by Industry and Gender Table 3: No. of Males and Females Never-Married Aged 15 and Over Source: Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong Government. Table 4: No. of Never-Married Employed Males and Females by Occupation, 2001. Source: Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong Government. Table 5: Main Employment, Female-Male Ratio, Median Monthly Income, Marital Status, Age Source: Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong Government. References Babcock, L. Laschever, S. 2003. Women Don’t Ask: Negotiation and the Gender Divide (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press). Berg, B. , 2004. Qualitative Research Methods for the Social Sciences. International Student Edition. Boston: Pearson Education, Inc. Blaxter, L. , Hughes, C. and Tight, M. , 2001. How to research. 2nd ed. Buckingham: Open University Press. Bryman, A. , 2004. Social Research Methods. 2nd ed. Oxford: Prentice-Hall. Chan, D. K. S. , Tang, K. S. -K. Chan, W. 1999. Sexual harassment: a preliminary analysis of its effects on Hong Kong Chinese women in the workplace and academia, Psychology of Women Quarterly, 23(4), pp. 661–672. Chow, I. H. 1995. Career aspirations, attitudes and experiences of female managers in Hong Kong, Women in Management Review, 10(1), pp. 28–32. Collinson, D. L. , Knights, D. Collinson, M. 1990. Managing to Discriminate (London: Routledge). Collis, J. , and Hussey, R. , 2003. Business Research: A practical guide for undergraduate and postgraduate students. 2nd Ed. New York: Palgrave McMillan. Creswell, J. , 1994. Research Design: Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches. 1st ed. London: Sage Publications. Crystal, G. 2003. Cracks appear in glass ceiling numbers, South China Morning Post, 17 October, p. B22. Denscombe, M. , 2002. Ground Rules for Good Research. A 10 point guide for social researchers. 1st ed. Buckingham: Open University Press. EOC. 1997. A Baseline Survey of Equal Opportunities on the Basis of Gender in Hong Kong 1996–1997 (Hong Kong: Equal Opportunities Commission). Fosh, P. , Ng, C. , Snape, E. Westwood, R. 1999. Hong Kong at the end of the twentieth century: management and labour trends, in: P. Fosh, A. W. Chan, W. W. S. Chow, E. Snape R. Westwood (Eds) Hong Kong Management and Labour: Change and Continuity, pp. 3–24 (London: Routledge). Ghauri, P. and Gronhaug, K. , 2002. Research Methods in Business Studies. A practical guide. 2nd ed. Essex: Pearson Education Limited. Ghauri, P. N. , Gronhaugh, K. and Kristianslund, I. , 1995. Research methods in business studies: a practical guide. 1st ed. London: Prentice-Hall. Gillham, B. , 2000. The Research Interview. 1st ed. London: Continuum. Hakim, C. 2003. Models of the Family in Modern Societies: Ideals and Realities (Aldershot: Ashgate). Hochschild, R. A. 1989. The Second Shift: Working Parents and the Revolution at Home (New York: Viking Penguin). Hong Kong Government 2004. Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination against Women: Second Report on Hong Kong Special Administration Region (Hong Kong: Health, Food and Welfare Bureau). Hong Kong Government. 2001. 2001 Population Census: Main Report 1 (Hong Kong: Census and Statistics Department). Hong Kong Government. 2002. Women and Men in Hong Kong: Key Statistics (Hong Kong: Census and Statistics Department). Hong Kong Government. 2003a. Thematic Household Survey: Report No. 14 (Hong Kong: Census and Statistics Department). Hong Kong Government. 2003b. Women and Men in Hong Kong: Key Statistics (Hong Kong: Census and Statistics Department). Jankowicz, A. , 2005. Business research projects. 4th ed. London: International Thomson Press. Javidan, M. House, R. J. 2001. Cultural acumen for the global manager: lessons from project GLOBE, Organizational Dynamics, 29(4), pp. 289–305. Kanter, R. M. 1977. Men and Women of the Corporation (New York: Basic Books). Kumar, R. , 1999. Research Methodology. A step-by-step guide for beginners. 1st ed. London: Sage Publications. Kvale, S. , 1996. Interviews, an Introduction to Qualitative Research Interviewing. 1st ed. London: Sage Publications. Law, N. 2003. HK women socially aware, but traditional at heart, South China Morning Post, 23 January, p. 6 Lee, H. 2004. Arming women with knowledge, South China Morning Post, 9 February, p. C4. Lee, K. 2003. Picture forms of cross-border workers, South China Morning Post, 9 May, p.A5. Lo, S. , Stone, R. Ng, C. W. 2003. Work–family conflict and coping strategies adopted by female married professionals in Hong Kong, Women in Management Review, 18(4), pp. 182–190. Mak, G. C. L. Chung, Y. -p. 1997. Education and labour force participation of women in Hong Kong, in: F. M. Cheung (Ed. ) Engendering Hong Kong Society: A Gender Perspective of Women’s Status, pp. 13–39 (Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press). Mak, G. C. L. 1992. The schooling of girls in Hong Kong: progress and contradictions in the transition, in: G. A. Postiglione (Ed.). Education and Society in Hong Kong, pp. 167–180 (Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press). Morrison, A. M. , White, R. P. Van Velsor, E. The Center for Creative Leadership. 1987. Breaking the Glass Ceiling (Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley). Ng, C. W. Chiu, W. C. K. 2001. Managing equal opportunities for women: sorting the friends from the foes, Human Resource Management Journal, 11(1), pp. 75–88. Ng, C. W. Ng, E. G. H. 2002. The concept of state feminism and the case for Hong Kong, Asian Journal of Women’s Studies, 8(1), pp. 7–37. Ng, C. W. Pine, R. 2003. Women and men

Types of Deposits and Bank Accounts

Types of Deposits and Bank Accounts Banks receive money from the public by way of deposits. The following types of deposits are usually received by banks: Current deposit Saving deposit Fixed deposit Recurring deposit Miscellaneous deposits Current Deposit Also called ‘demand deposit’, current deposit can be withdrawn by the depositor at any time by cheques. Businessmen generally open current accounts with banks. Current accounts do not carry any interest as the amount deposited in these accounts is repayable on demand without any restriction. Banks usually charge a small amount known as incidental charges on current deposit accounts depending on the number of transaction. HSBCs current account takes the hassle out of managing your daily finances. You wont need to rush around to pay your bills; simply arrange for direct debit payments or issue a cheque and mail it at your convenience. Whats more, youll have access to your account and a wide range of banking transactions, 24 hours a day, seven days a week with our ATM Cards. MCB make your everyday banking simple. It is also a perfect gateway to a world of products and services designed to meet your needs.MCB’s current account is like a swiss army knife: easily accessible, it comes with multiple features that are perfect for your daily banking needs like cheque books, overdraft facilities, credits cards, mobile banking and so on. Savings deposit/Savings Bank Accounts Savings deposit account is meant for individuals who wish to deposit small amounts out of their current income. A saving account can be opened with or without cheque book facility. There are restrictions on the withdrawls from this account. Savings account holders are also allowed to deposit cheques, drafts, dividend warrants, etc. drawn in their favour for collection by the bank. To open a savings account, it is necessary for the depositor to be introduced by a person having a current or savings account with the same bank. MCB ‘s retirement plan offer a comfortable retirement to old people. Start today by putting aside as little as Rs 1,000 each month in your Retirement Plan. This can help old person to better enjoy their lives peacefully without depending on others.MCB also offer educational plan by which it can offer a good future to your children. Education is key to your childrens future. But have you thought about the costs of higher studies? Start planning today by investing in our Education Plan. Planning your child’s future, with the Education Plan, you only have to contribute a monthly minimum amount of Rs500. Our financial experts will help you choose the investment funds that best suit your needs in our wide range of products. Barclays offer junior saving account. As a parent, you know its never too early for your child to learn to save. And it’s a better way to teach them with a fun, easy way – saving the junior way, enjoying high interest rates. Your child will be able to see his money grow faster, thanks to a higher interest rate than a normal savings account. Interest is calculated daily and credited half-yearly. Enjoy attractive interest rates as high as 1 months FD. Your Child is protected. MCB offers Junior 12-17. Teenagers have different expectations. Junior account 12-17 caters for their fast evolving needs while enabling you to save for their future and benefiting from: Fresh and rewarding Start saving with a minimum deposit of only Rs 500 Earn interest on your savings Let your child learn to manage money with a MCB Junior Card Register for MCB Refill and your child can reload mobile credits on the go (Emtel and Orange) Fixed deposit The term ‘Fixed deposit’ means deposit repayable after the expiry of a specified period. Since it is repayable only after a fixed period of time, which is to be determined at the time of opening of the account, it is also known as time deposit. Fixed deposits are most useful for a commercial bank. Since they are repayable only after a fixed period, the bank may invest these funds more profitably by lending at higher rates of interest and for relatively longer periods. The rate of interest on fixed deposits depends upon the period of deposits. The longer the period, the higher is the rate of interest offered. Barclays Bank- A Fixed Deposit Account can be a great way to save as it helps to remove the temptation to dig into your savings, all the while earning a higher rate of interest over a fixed term. As a Premier Banking customer you earn a significantly higher interest on your Fixed Deposits, with accounts available in both local and foreign currencies. With your Fixed Deposit Account you get: A fixed rate of return over an agreed period of 3 to 12 months calculated flat on the principal, Choice of account currency (SCR, GBP, EUR and USD) Minimal cost on breakage of the deposit before maturity You may apply for this account along with another applicant, where you may choose to have both parties be required to sign any instructions to debit the account or any of the parties sufficing for the transaction to be accepted. In addition, you may request for other parties to operate your Fixed Deposit Account on your behalf. We call such a nominated person an authorised signatory. To open a Fixed Deposit Account, you are required to have a current or savings account with us. Upon applying for your Fixed Deposit Account, you can provide us with instructions on how to manage the principal and interest in the account upon maturity of the deposit or provide the instructions when you receive your Renewal Notice. You may ask us to roll over the deposit plus interest at current rates, to roll over the deposit only and credit the interest your current or savings account, or to credit the principal plus interest to your current or savings account. While you are guaranteed a fixed interest on the principal, should you break your deposit prior to maturity, you will be charged a breakage fee and the pro-rated interest calculated based on the prevailing Instant Savings Account interest rate and the period over which the deposit was held. SBM Our term deposit gives you the option of placing your money for a fixed term, thereby earning a higher rate of interest. Features: Minimum deposit of Rs 50,000 Interest payable monthly, quarterly, half yearly or at maturity Interest paid to Current / Savings account (CASA) / by cheque Term Deposits offered for periods of 12, 24 and 36 month What happens if I want to withdraw the money prior to the maturity date? Floating Rate Deposit Encashment of deposit prior to maturity is at the discretion of the bank. Interest may be forfeited if funds are withdrawn within 3 months of date of deposit. A penalty of either 1% or the cost incurred by the Bank for replacement of the Deposit (whichever is higher) may be charged at the Bank’s discretion. Fixed Rate Deposit Encashment of deposit prior to maturity is at the discretion of the bank. In addition to 1% penalty, customer opting for fixed rate of interest will have to bear the cost of replacement of funds in case of premature encashment. The penalty to be levied for encashment of a fixed rate deposit will be determined at the time of encashment. The penalty will depend on the market rate prevailing on the date of encashment. Recurring Deposits Under this type of deposit, the depositor is required to deposit a fixed amount of money every month for a specific period of time. Each instalment may vary from Rs.5/- to Rs.500/- or more per month and the period of account may vary from 12 months to 10 years. After the completion of the specified period, the customer gets back all his deposits along with the cumulative interest accrued on the deposits. Miscellaneous Deposits Banks have introduced several deposit schemes to attract deposits from different types of people, like Home Construction deposit scheme, Sickness Benefit deposit scheme, Children Gift plan, Old age pension scheme, Mini deposit scheme, etc. ATM An Automated Teller Machine (ATM) is a computerized machine that permits bank customers to gain access to their accounts with a magnetically encoded plastic card and a code number. It enables the customers to perform several banking operations without the help of a teller, such as to withdraw cash, make deposits, pay bills, obtain bank statements, effect cash transfers. Advantages of ATM in Mauritius Get 24 hour access to your money Free of charge to any HSBC accountholder Saves time since no need to queue up at the Bank counter Withdraw or Deposit Cash Transfer Funds Balance Enquiries Banks ATM points in Mauritius MCB Around 91 SBM Around 44 HSBC Around 16 BARCLAYS Around 33

An Introduction To Sequences In Mathematics English Language Essay

An Introduction To Sequences In Mathematics English Language Essay This is an introduction to sequences. In mathematics, that is, discrete mathematics have learned about sequences, which is an ordered list of elements. The sequences is about arrangement of objects, people, tasks, grocery items, books, movies, or numbers, which has an order associated with it. Like a set, it contains members and the number of terms. This members is called elements or terms and the number of terms is also called the length of the sequences. Sequences having a natural numbers. There are all even numbers and odd numbers. This usually defined according to the formula: Sn = a, function of n = 1,2,3,a set A= {1,2,3,4} is a sequence. B = {1,1,2,2,3,3,} is though the numbers of repeating. There are specific sequences that have their own formulas and methods for finding the value of terms, such as arithmetic and geometric sequences. List of numbers, finite and infinite, that follow some rules are called sequences.P,Q,R,S is a sequences letters that differ from R,Q,P,S, as the ordering matters. Sequences can be finite or infinite. For this example is finite sequence. For example of infinite is such as the sequence of all odd positive integers (1,3,5,.). Finite sequences are sometimes known as strings or words, and infinite sequences as streams. The empty sequence ( ) is included in most notions of sequence, but may be excluded depending on the context. In this topic means sequences, there are covered about indexing, operation on sequences, sequences of integers, subsequences, increasing, decreasing, nonincreasing, nondecreasing, sigma notation, and pi notation. Besides that, in this topic also discuss about changing the index and limit in sum. Background A sequences was created by Leonardo Pisano Bigollo (1180-1250). Pisano means from Pisa and Fibonacci which means son of Bonacci. He known as by his nickname, Fibonacci. He was born in Pisa which is now part in Italy, the city with the famous Leaning Tower. He played important role in reviving ancient methematical skills, as well as making significant contributions of his own. He was known for a great interset in math. Because of the Fibonacci Series, He is most known. A series of numbers approaching nature reality. For example, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 5, 233, 300, 377, The sum of the 2 preceding numbers are from each succeding number. Fibonacci was a member of the Bonacci family and traveled all around the Mediterranean as a boy. He traveled with his father who held a diplomatic post. To excel in solving a wide variety of mathematical problems, His keen interest in mathematics and his exposure to other cultures allowed Fibonacci. Fibonacci is probably best known for discovering the Fibonacci sequence. Besides that, A sequences is also was created by Leonardo Fibonacci. He is the Italian mathematician. He also known as Leonardo of Pisa, documented the mathematical sequences often found in nature in 1202 in his book, Liber Abaci which means book of the abacusIn the sequences, each number is sum of two numbers, such as 1 + 1 = 2, 1 + 2 = 3, 2 + 2 = 4, and so on. That sequence can be found in the spirals on the skin of a pineapple, sunflowers, seashells, the DNA double helix and, yes, pine cones. Sequences is one such technique is a make use of Fibonacci sequences in futures. Fibonacci who was innate in 1170. He found which a settlement reoccurred in nature, as well as a settlement was subsequent from a mathematical judgment of a fibre of numbers a third series is a total of a dual prior to it. In 2000, A sequence of posters designed at the Issac Newton Institute for Mathematical Sciences which were displayed month by month in the trains of London Underground to celebrate world mathematical year 2000. The aim of the posters was to bring maths to life A sequence of posters designed at the Issac Newton Institute for Mathematical Sciences. The aim of the posters was to bring maths to life, illustrating the wide applications of modern mathematics in all branches of science includes physical, biological, technological and financial. Each poster gives relevant mathematical links and information about mathematical. Show more Result of the research A sequences is ordered list of elements that normally defined according to this formula, Sn = a function of n = 1,2,3,If S is a sequences {Sn | n = 1,2,3,},] S1 denotes the first elements, S2 denoted the second elements and so on. The indexing set of the sequences,n usually the indexing set is natural number,N or infinite subset of N. In operations on sequences, If s = { a,b,c,d,e,f } is a sequences, then -head of s = a -tail of s = {b,c,d,e,f} -tail of s = {a,b,c,d,e} -last s = f For Concatenation of sequences, If S1 = {a,b,c} and s2 = {d,e}. Hence, concatenation of s1 n s2 denoted as = {a,b,c,d,e} For this concatenation of sequences, punctuation mark , must be written between these alphabet. Increasing sequences and decreasing sequences are two important types of sequences. Their relatives are nonincreasing and nondecreasing. Sn Sn+1 is used when sequences of s is decreasing for all n for which n for which n and n+1 are in the domain of the sequences. A sequences is nonincreasing if Sn à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¥ Sn+1 for all n for which n and n+1 are in the domain of the sequences. A sequences is nondecreasing if Snà ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤ Sn+1 for all n for which n and n+1 are in the domain of the sequences. Example:- For increasing, Sn = 2^n 1. n= 1, 2, 3,.The first element of s are 1, 3, 5, 7,. For decreasing, Sn = 4-2^n, n = 1, 2, 3,The first few elements of s are 2, 0, -2, -4, . For nonincreasing, The sequences 100, 40, 40, 60, 60, 60, 30. For nondecreasing, the sequences of 1, 2, 3, 3, 4, 5, 5 The sequences 100, is increasing, decreasing, nonincreasing, nondecreasing since there is no value of i for which both i and i+1 are indexes. A subsequences of a sequences s is a sequences t that consists of certain elements of s retained in the original order they had in s. Example: let s = { Sn = n | n = 1,2,3,} 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8, let t = { t=2n | n = 2,4,6,} 4, 8, 12, Hence, t is a subsequences of s. Two important operations on numerical sequences are adding and multiplying terms. Sigma notation, sum_{i=1}^{100}i. is about sum and summation. Summation is the operation of combining a sequence of numbers using addition. Hence, there are become a sum or total. Example: sum_{i=1}^ni = frac{n^2+n}2 For capital sigma notation, sum_{i=m}^n x_i = x_m + x_{m+1} + x_{m+2} +dots+ x_{n-1} + x_n. Example: sum_{k=2}^6 k^2 = 2^2+3^2+4^2+5^2+6^2 = 90 Pi is a product symbol for product of sequences of terms. This is alsoncaaled multiplication between all natural numbers. Pi notation, prod_{i=m}^n x_i = x_m cdot x_{m+1} cdot x_{m+2} cdot ,,cdots,, cdot x_{n-1} cdot x_n. Example: prod_{i=2}^6 left(1 + {1over i}right) = left(1 + {1over 2}right) cdot left(1 + {1over 3}right) cdot left(1 + {1over 4}right) cdot left(1 + {1over 5}right) cdot left(1 + {1over 6}right) = {7over 2}. Changing the index and limits in a sum. The formula to change the index and limit to the sum is, à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ_(1=0)^nà ¢-’à £Ã¢â€š ¬-ir^à £Ã¢â€š ¬-n-1 Limit of Sequence The notation of limit of a sequence is very natural. The fundamental concept of which the whole of analysis ultimately rests is that of the limit of the sequence. By considering some examples can make the position clear. Consider the sequence In this sequence, no number is zero. But we can see that the closer to zero the number of, the larger the number of n is. This state of relation can express by saying that as the number of tends to 0, the n increases, or that the sequence can converges to 0, or that they possess the limit to 0. The points crowd closer n closer to the point 0 as n increases; this means that the numbers are represented as points on a line. This situation is similar in the case of the sequence Here, too, as n increases, the numbers tends to 0; the only difference is that the numbers are sometimes less than and sometimes greater the limit 0; as we say, they oscillate about the limit. The convergence of the sequence to 0 is usually expressed by the equation or occasionally by the abbreviation . We consider the sequence where the integral index n takes all the value 1, 2, 3 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. . We can see at once that as n increases, the number will approach closer and closer to the number 1 if we write, in the sense that if we mark off any interval about the point 1 all the numbers following a certain must fall in that interval. We write The sequence behaves in a similar way. This sequence also tends to a limit as n increases, to the limit 1, in symbols, . We see this most readily if we write . Here, we need to show that as n increases the number tends to 0. For all values of n greater than 2 we have and. Hence, for the remainder we have , from which at once that tend to 0 as n increases. It is also gives an estimate of the amount by which the number (for can differ maximum from the limit 1; this certainly cant exceed . The example only considered illustrates the fact to naturally expect that for large values of n the terms with the highest indices in the numerator and denominator of the fraction for predominate and that they determine the limit. Applications 1)Fibonacci number Nowadays or in era science of technology, We will find a Fibonacci number using C++ programming. The following sequences are considered: 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34,.Two numbers of the sequence, a_1 and a_2 , the nth number a_n, n >=3.a_n = a_(n-1) + a_(n-2).Thus, a_3 = a_1 + a_2 = 1 + 1 = 2,a_4 = a_2 + a_3, and so on. Such a sequence is called a Fibonacci sequence. In the preceding sequence, a_2 = 1, and a_1 = 1, However any first two numbers, using this process. Nth number a_n, n >= 3 of the sequnces can be determined. The number has been determined this way is called the nth Fibonacci number. a_2 = 6 and a_1 = 3. Then, a_3 = a_2 + a_1 = 6 + 3 = 9, a_4 = a_3 + a_2 = 9 + 16 = 15. 2) Draft snake This game is most famous a long time ago. But now, a new generation still playing this game at free time. This game is closely with sequences which is about the numbers or all natural number but in this game, only positive number that have in this checker. However, it still in a sequences. Firstly, a player must play a dice to get a number so that he or she can move one place to another place to get a winner. These place to pleace is refer to the number. Each number that get from a dice will moves our position until he or she become a winner. Conclusion As we know, a sequences is about a series of numbers. A series of numbers in sequences, which is all natural number includes positive and negative integers, could be a finite sequence from some data source or an infinite sequence from a discrete dynamical system. All of the students, which is the students from the programming course learn about this topic in discrete mathematic as a minor subject in their course. Majoriti of the students said that this topic very interesting to learn and easy to score to get a highest marks in examination, test and others. Although this topic was considered very interesting to learn and easy to get a highest marks, but in this topis is also have a part that difficult to score and bored to learn. A difficult part was identified is the formula that used in this sequences. For example, one of the subtopic in a sequences is when to changing the index and limits in a sum, à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ_(1=0)^nà ¢-’à £Ã¢â€š ¬-ir^n-1à £Ã¢â€š ¬-. This formula is difficult to remembered among of the students. It is not only difficult to remembered, but a student is also difficult to remembered a way to calculate this problem where a question want a student change the index and limits in a sum. So, to solve these problem, another way must be created so that a student can solve these problem easier. May be a formula is fixed means it cannot be changed. Nowadays, a lot of ways was created by among of students to solve these problem. So another ideas must found themselves so that it easier to remembered. As a conclusion here, the subtopics in a sequences has interesting to learn and not interesting to learn. Besides that, it has easy to remembered and not easy to remembered. Here, does not all of topic are easy. This condition mest be identified so that a problem can be solved immediately and corretly among the students.